Melbourne Airport Runway Essay Example for Free

Melbourne Airport Runway Essay Rules and regulations serve as guide the aviation industry to promote the sole standards in the provision of the services and standards for location quality which are essential for the travelers. The service that is being offered should be valued in the same way as the physical locale for operation. Runways for the air vessel, more than just a strip of land solely functioning for the launch of air vehicle, is a subject for continuous planning, development and safety maintenance to respond with the growing demand for aerial transportation. Aside from the fact that airports represent a huge investment for capital that can range to the actual building of facilities, it can also support many employments outside its function such as the industry for taxi and delivery companies. It remained tough for commercial or even private airports and for the whole Aviation System of any flight to make sure that transferring from domestic to international sections was a breeze. Most people who are using the services of airport do not have any actual idea how complex the functions are being carried out and how important the impacts of airports as a community service provider can have in a society. Moreover, airports are part of transportation systems, thus, aviation activity defines portion of the economy as it acts to be vital in distribution process especially when it serves as a link between the producers and consumers. Melbourne Airport, sometimes called Tullamarine Airport, serves the second busiest city of Australia therefore we can expect heightened standard to be sufficient for the service demand. Melbourne’s Central Business District is the home of Melbourne airport which complements with its closest neighbor Avalon since they are about 40 km. apart. Their distance makes competition not necessary. Airports are vital assets making them look forward to the goal of having direct flights instead of passing through Sydney. The Government (national and local) is pushing for maximizing profits by promoting economic actions among the airports. Across Australia, it is apparent that the objectives of these companies are partly relative with the economic activity of their region. The ways their community responds to the quality of their service largely affect the standard being applied on their planning and strategies (Winston and de Rus 2008: 75-77). Background: Initiatives for development As shown in Melbourne Airport’s Master Plan (2008), they were preparing their aviation system to respond for the anticipated growth in the following 20 years therefore, they fortified agreements and legal relationship with the State departments. They wished to expand their service coverage as they were able to secure development pace with geographic control. Available lands, equipped with expansion and commercial potentials, surround the operational territory and they were subject for acquisition. Melbourne Airport, dubbed as a city inside a city for its dynamic location, handles its vast land area which has portions highly available for commercial purposes. With the location’s accessibility from the metropolitan primary locations, their property promised a wide range of opportunity for business partners. As per Melbourne Airport (2009), they also look forward to possible expansions and strategies for its further development for their long term goals as a commercial institution servicing over 22 million passengers and travelers per year in average. The business park, occupying the area for per, are became the home of initiatives for this development. How relevant is this expansion and development plan by Melbourne Airport? This move shows a particular necessity for the airport to adapt to the changing demand in the capacity of passengers. For example, according to Orlando Business Journal (2010) with the return of US Airways to them, the volume of passengers went up 75% compared to the volume last year. The strategy and hard work of the airport’s marketing department shows positive results. Materials and Methods: Melbourne Airport’s Master Plan 2008 In accordance to Part 5, Division 1, Section 67 of Airports Act of 1996, Melbourne Airport proposed their most recent Master plan last 2008 after the 2003 version which showcase the future development and strategic direction for commercial and aircraft operations of the airport and in the same year, The Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government approved the proposal tackling the future capacity. Runways design seems to be one of the key considerations in making the master plan. The plan is set to work in the following decades thus, it is important to see how the runways are to be set in the future in compliance to the goal of its expansion, and development. The actual situation of the runway system, the pace of increasing volume of demand for it, and the structure framed in the plan should be analyzed to see its complementarities with the operational goal of the airport. Discussion: the Master plan for Runways and Facilities The master plan is not just a way to maximize the capability and function of the airport site in the present or to respond with the present requirement of the aviation systems, instead, it is a set of projected ideas for their long term goal of ultimate development. The Melbourne Airport currently has two runways, the North-South (16/34) and East-West (09/27), which are intersecting in directions and have taxiways and apron areas associated with each. In response to the volume of demand, apparent to their recent master plan, Melbourne Airport aimed to accommodate transportation functions faster. Runways (16/34 and 09/27) are planned to maximize runway capacity while waiting for the completion of the third runway by having taxiways for rapid exit and make 09/27 runway extended to the western side(Melbourne Airport 2008: 51-52). In totality, the plan included adding gates for passenger aircraft and apron areas, construction of a new runway with corresponding taxiways and upgrading both domestic and international terminals. The new runway is planned to be put west of the 16/34 runway in the early part to middle part of 2020’s as projected. They also project that it will not be completed and it is not yet necessary to have that added runway prior to 2020 at least, around 2017. The plan required computerized analysis of physical elements such as weather (particularly, the direction of the wind current), vessel type, length required for the runway and separations of aircraft, relative to the runway operations to end up having the closest to accurate design for its efficiency (Melbourne Airport 2008: 52-53). International Air Transport Association (IATA) has the standard that is followed by Melbourne Airport with the design of their terminal facilities. The level of Standard (LOS) ranges from ‘A’ being excellent to ‘F’ being the unacceptable quality (de Neufville 2010). Planning requires designs as designing the roads and terminals required well-defined standards and criteria to follow. In the Master Plan, Melbourne Airport (2008) specified the LOS to Level ‘C’ which indicates the standard minimum of service with acceptable comfort and service or flight delay but guaranteed a stable flow. While the terminals are based in IATA criteria, Melbourne Airport designed their roads using the Austroad’s Guide to road design which deals largely on its geometric elements and roadside considerations. Economic impact and Projected Effects The efficiency of Melbourne Airport relies on its interdependent functional elements which includes the function of facilities and the rest of the airport site. The measure of its effects can be seen in its contribution to the economic development. With the periodical study of the pace of passenger volume growth from 2007, the increase is steady among their passengers. As cited from Melbourne Airport Data, the international Passenger Transfers, as varied every 3 to 4 years, is increasing by 0. 2 million, thus it project that by 2017, the international traveler movement will be 7. 1 million. This is where the Master plan is intended for. This amount of people will contribute to the billion dollars tourism industry of Victoria which is believed to have an indirect relative to the quality of air transportation access (Sinclair Knight Merz 2008: 12-13). Aside from movement of people, air transportations are also beneficial for trades and commerce particularly with the function of importations and exportations of goods and raw materials. Melbourne Air’s goal to increase their capacity by maximizing runways complements with the purpose of trade. Airfreights’ volume is determined directly by the number of vessels capable of carrying them. Geographic elements remained to be the prime and competitive advantage of Melbourne Airport. It also has the initial advantage of established high number of locations for their services worldwide (Sinclair Knight Merz 2008: 18). Conclusion The initiative of Melbourne Airport in designing a plan to serve for its long term goals manifests a strong potential for future development in their vital service functions in which the travelers can look forward to. The runway, being the starting point of any travel defines the quality of the engineering, logistics and designing capability of the airport institution so it contributes to promoting the impression of the public. Any initiative done with careful and strategic planning should result to beneficial and continuous flow of economic elements. The trend in making sophisticated runway can be partially contributed by the evolutionary changes in sophisticated aircraft but far from that, it is important to value the projects implemented for the improvement of the runway facilities for the evolutionary changes in the way of the people in dealing with trades, commerce and tourism. List of References Winston, C. and de Rus, G. (2008). ‘Aviation Infrastructure Performance’. The Brookings Institution. [17 May 2010] Melbourne Airport. (2008). ‘Master Plan’. Melbourne Airport. [17 May 2010] Melbourne Airport. (2009). ‘Property’. Australia Pacific Airports (Melbourne) Pty Ltd. [online] available from http://www. melbourneairport. com. au/For -Business/Property/Overview. html[17 May 2010] Orlando Business Journal. (2010). ‘Melbourne Airport’s Passenger Traffic Up’. American city Business Journals, Inc. [online] available fromhttp://www. bizjournals. com/orlando/stories/2010/04/19/daily42. html [17 May 2010] de Neufville, R. (2010). ‘Defining Capacity of Airport Passenger Buildings’. [online] available from ardent. mit. edu/airports/ASP_current /Defining_Capacity04. pdf[17 May 2010] Sinclair Knight Merz. (2008). ‘the Economic Impact of Melbourne Airport’. Sinclair Knight Merz Pty. Ltd. [17 May 2

The Religious Differences :: essays research papers

What I am going to say would offend most people, as I plan to be blunt. I think that most Religions are shams. It is obviously something, like Myths, made to explain the world. But certain religions, such as Christianity, are as corrupt as the people considered evil in these very religions.An example that I can think of right off the top of my head is something I saw when I was flipping through the channels on TV. I happened to pass the bible channel and there was this show on. I was curious and I left it on this show for a few seconds. They were talking about the Bible, and what I heard sickened me. They were talking about a passage in the book of Leviticus. A man of Egyptian and Israeli descent was passing through an Israeli camp. He happened to make a remark about God and they sentenced him to death by stoning. This appalled me. Doesn't Christianity also teach people to respect human life? Is life so unimportant that every time someone says something bad about God that he should die? Does God want human sacrifice? I certainly wouldn't worship an awful God like that.And how about Hell? I once read Dante's Inferno and you wouldn't believe the people who are supposed to go to Hell! Among them are: Homosexuals, Atheists, Opportunists and, the most loathing of all, Pagans! Among the Pagans are anyone who worshipped a different God, people who weren't baptized and people who were born before Jesus Christ.Yet, I must admit, there are some religions that seem to be O.K. Most of these are religions based on teachings and ideas rather than some tyrannical God. These religions include Hinduism, Shinto and Buddhism. Among these religions, the most appealing to me would be Buddhism. It teaches that all life is sacred and that people should always be striving to do their best to reach perfection or, as it is commonly referred to, Nirvana.It wasn't derived from some almighty being made up by superstitious peasants. It was formed by a ruler named Siddhartha. This is his story.Buddha was a ruler who was born in Kapilavastu, India, just outside present day Nepal. He showed an early inclination to meditation and reflection, displeasing his father, who wanted him to be a warrior and ruler rather than a religious philosopher. Yielding to his father's wishes, he married at an early age and participated in the worldly life of the court.

First Impressions Essay

First impressions are very important to every day life. They are the basis of how relationships start and how perceptions are formed. The opinions could begin many things and lead towards success or these opinions could be ones that are misleading and have a negative impact on how people relate to you. First impressions are very important on people’s social life, in your education and in employment. In your social life, first impressions come from your friends, family, and even new people who come into your life. First impressions on employment go from your current co-workers, boss, and former employers. They are very significant in job interviews. First impressions are important, but are not always the final word. First impressions from the social perspective is the issue at hand, when viewing the importance of first impressions, and then taking in account the environment that one is in, then lastly viewing the important role that first impressions play throughout the course of a relationship such a friendship. The importance of first impressions is essential to the development of relationships be it for a friendship or just merely business acquaintances, the role of first impressions is resounded throughout the course of that relationships. How you are perceived has a very basic bearing as to how you are treated. Your outward appearance plays a pivotal role in the compiling of a first impression, when you are viewed by others, a snap decision is made about you that people will hold in their minds whether subconsciously, or conscientiously that first moment that they laid eyes on you. Also the way that you portray yourself comes into play at this point, your social skills are the main focus of the first impression after the mental image of you is implanted in the person’s mind. Studies have shown that humans have developed the ability to quickly decide whether a new person will hurt or enrich us. First impressions or what are called â€Å"thin slices† are generated in the most primitive areas of the brain, where feelings are processed. It’s a very primal process and has evolved from our ancestors as a way to protect themselves. Applying both the thin slices theory, along with our own values and beliefs, it appears that first impressions are processed from the feeling part of our brains, as a way to protect or safeguard our belief and value structures. Research also shows  that the power of knowledge to organize, select, learn and judge comes from values and beliefs as much as information and logic. Attitudes also enter into our calculations of first impressions. While subtle, they can cause real world damage, that’s why it’s imperative to nature relationships with others. People who spend time observing and listening tend to ha ve a higher percentage of correct snap judgments. While first impressions can never be changed, we can allow movement in our processing and value systems. To contribute effectively to society we must evaluate who we are as individuals and how we form judgments.

The History of Sino-Soviet Relations Essay - 1921 Words

I. Introduction The history of Sino-Soviet relations can be traced back hundreds of years, starting with the initial Mongol invasion and devastation of the Kievan Rus’ principalities in the mid-thirteenth century. With time, the rise of the Russian Empire and Czarist rule reversed the infrastructural and cultural destruction caused by the Mongol hordes; by the advent of the twentieth century, the reformed Russian state had begun encroaching on Chinese territory while holding a very strong, influential grasp on the slowly collapsing Imperial Chinese regime. However, with the success of the Russian Revolution in 1917, the creation of the Soviet Union, and the institution of a communist government and administration, the nature of†¦show more content†¦For the next couple of decades, until the eventual dissolution of the USSR, this strained relationship and antagonism continued and did not normalize due to unresolved conflicts in ideology, international politics, and differing national interests and philosophies. II. Creation and Expansion of Communism To better understand the nature of Sino-Soviet relations in the twentieth century, one must analyze the emergence of communism in the respective nations of Russia and China. Communism was first developed by German philosopher Karl Marx in the 1800s, and is defined as a socioeconomic policy structured around the common ownership of property in the absence of any social distinctions such as class, wealth, or race. Marx saw this arrangement as the zenith of human society, the paragon of interaction where the resources of economic production are fully socialized and everything, from basic nutrition to education, is freely allocated based on necessity. These egalitarian doctrines and policies of social, economic, and political freedom greatly appeased to the working-class populations in politically oppressed regions of the world, especially in the situations of the repressed poor and peasant classes of early twentieth-century Russian and Chinese societies. A. Spread of Communism Into Russia Although serfdom was abolished in 1861, the Russian societal climate at the dawn of the twentieth century was a breeding ground for revolutionary ideas and beliefsShow MoreRelatedMao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev1540 Words   |  6 Pagesworsening of ideological relations between Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev lead to the Sini-Soviet split in the 1960s? 1. History: The worsening of political and ideological relationship between Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev led to the Sino-Soviet Split. In 1960, China and Soviet Union were believed to be the two largest states with the communist approach internationally (Ross 3). The origin of Sino- Soviet split can be found from the era of 1940’s, when China fought the Sino-Japanese war (1937-45)Read MoreThe Significance of the Sino-Soviet Confrontation1850 Words   |  7 Pages2: Discuss the significance of the Sino-Soviet confrontation of 1960s–1980s for the Cold War dynamics in the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet confrontation of the 1960’s-1980’s had a significant impact on the Cold War dynamics of the Asia-Pacific through a number of factors. This period was a significant time of the twentieth century. The two largest communist states of the world, the PRC (Peoples Republic of China), led by Mao Zedong and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), led by NikitaRead MoreSino-Cuban Fallouts and Make-Ups1568 Words   |  7 PagesSocialist Party (PSP), date back to 1949, which is before Fidel Castro came to power. Sino-Cuban relations between 1959 and 1989 can be described as inconsistent at best, with a number of changes in attitude on the part of Castro towards Chinese leaders. It is considered one of the great ironies of history that although Castro publicly condemned Mao â€Å"with a viciousness rarely encountered in modern international relations,† the Cuban leader was more like his Chinese counterpart than any other communistRead MoreForeign Sec retary Level Talks : India s Prime Minister Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesWhile campaigning for last year’s national vote, Narendra Modi promised a â€Å"new chapter† in Indo-Pak history if he became India’s Prime Minister (P.M). Instead, bilateral relations through his first year and a half in office stuck to a prologue both fractious and pinned by testy cross-border rhetoric. All that has changed now, at least on the surface. After Modi pleasantly surprised Pakistan by gatecrashing P.M Nawaz Sharif’s birthday party on December 25, there is hope for a new era, or at leastRead MoreForeign Secretary Level Talks : India s Prime Minister820 Words   |  4 PagesWhile campaigning for last year’s national vote, Narendra Modi promised a â€Å"new chapter† in Indo-Pak history if he became India’s Prime Minister (P.M). Instead, bilateral relations during his year and a half in office have not budged past a prologue both exhausting and marred by testy cross-border rhetoric. All that has changed now, at least on the surface. After Modi pleasantly surprised Pakistan by gatecrashing P.M Nawaz Sharif’s birthday party on December 25, there is hope for a new era, or atRead MoreHenry Kissinger : The United States Foreign Policy, Strategy, And Negotiations With Other Countries During The 20th Essay2156 Words   |  9 Pageshis main arguments, and will evaluate the quality of Kissinger’s arguments and focus on any areas of weakness within the book. Summary China’s history continues to shape its contemporary thinking, foreign policy and diplomacy with the West. In order to understand China’s politics and its civilization in general, it is important to look into its history and its traditional philosophy. This book examined many key events in Chinese foreign policy from the classical era to the present day, with an emphasisRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 Pagestensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itself to beRead MoreHenry Kissinger : The United States Foreign Policy, Strategy, And Negotiations With Other Countries During The 20th Essay2162 Words   |  9 Pageshis main arguments, and will evaluate the quality of Kissinger’s arguments and focus on any areas of weakness within the book. Summary China’s history continues to shape its contemporary thinking, foreign policy and diplomacy with the West. In order to understand China’s politics and its civilization in general, it is important to look into its history and its traditional philosophy. This book examined many key events in Chinese foreign policy from the classical era to the present day, with an emphasisRead MoreThe Relations Between India And Pakistan1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe mid 20th century an unlikely formidable alliance had slowly began to flourish in South Asia. China and Pakistan’s alliance began in the early 1960’s through the early 1970’s when conflicts between India vs. China and Pakistan had intensified. The Sino-Indian war that took place in 1962 ended as fast as it began. Along with the war that had taken place between India and Pakistan in 1965 and in 1971 when another indo-Pakistani war erupted and East Pakistan claimed independence and is known today asRead More Plan of Investigation 1501631 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Soviet Union? The intent of this investigation is to evaluate the degree to which Henry Kissinger’s diplomatic actions with China during his position of National Security Advisor and Secretary of State affected the relations between the two world superpowers of the period time between the years of 1969 to 1977, the United States and the Soviet Union. The investigation focuses on the diplomatic talks of Henry Kissinger with officials of both the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union